Appointments for Uttar Pradesh Congress Committee According to the Press Release on October 15, 2021, by AICC General Secretary Shri K.C. Venugopal, the Hon’ble Congress President Smt. Sonia Gandhi has approved the proposal of the appointment of additional office bearers of Uttar Pradesh Congress Committee, as enclosed, with immediate effect. Vice Presidents 1. Shri Upendra Singh 2. Shri Maqsood Khan 3. Shri Jaywant Singh General Secretaries 1. Shri MoninderSood Valmiki 2. Shri Subodh Srivastav 3. Shri Arshad Ali Guddu 4. Shri Jai Karan Varma 5. Shri Mukund Tiwari 6. Shri Raghavendra Pratap Singh 7. Smt. Sarita Patel 8. Shri Akhilesh Shukla 9. Shri Sachin Chaudhary 10. Shri Sharad Mishra 11. Shri Dharmendra Nishad 12. Shri Abhishek Patel General Secretaries (Org.) Shri Dinesh Kumar Singh Secretaries 1. Shri Kamesh Ratan 2. Smt. Pratibha Atal Pal 3. Shri Praveen Chaudhary 4. Shri Lav Kashyap 5. Shri Sudhir Parashar 6. Shri Risal Ahmad 7. Shri Dhirendra Prasad, Ex-MLA 8. Shri Mukesh Yadav 9. Shri Akhilesh Sharma 10. Shri Parvez Ahmad 11. Shri Sachin Trivedi 12. Shri Kuldeep Chaudhary 13. Shri Brijesh Singh 14. Shri Rashid Khan 15. Shri Ranjit Saluja 16. Shri Sharad Upadhyaya Nanda 17. Shri Dilip Nishad 18. Shri Manoj Gautam 19. Shri Kailash Chauhan 20. Shri Brijendra Mishra 21. Shri Satyaveer Singh 22. Shri Karam Chandra Bind 23. Shri Ashok Vishwakarma 24. Shri Amar Singh Jangid 25. Shri Jainendra Pandey Mintu 26. Shri Vivek Srivastava 27. Shri Anuj Mishra 28. Shri Ram Vishal Prajapati 29. Shri Irfan Saifi 30. Shri Rajesh Rakesh 31. Shri Shrawan Kumar Sahu Constitution of Various Committees for UPCC According to the Press Release on October 15, 2021, by AICC General Secretary Shri K.C. Venugopal, the Hon’ble Congress President Smt. Sonia Gandhi has approved the proposal of the constitution of Election Campaign Committee, Election Strategy and Planning Committee, Election Coordination Committee, Charge Sheet Committee, Election Manifesto Committee of Uttar Pradesh Congress Committee, as enclosed, with immediate effect. Election Campaign Committee 1. Shri PL Punia - Chairman 2. Shri Pradeep Jain Aditya - Convener 3. Smt. Mohsina Kidwai 4. Shri Prakash Jaiswal 5. Shri Pramod Tiwari 6. Shri Raj Babbar 7. Shri RPN Singh 8. Shri Harendra Malik 9. Shri Vivek Bansal 10. Shri Ranjeet Singh Judeo 11. Shri Naseemuddin Siddiqui 12. Shri Gajraj Singh 13. Shri Ajay Rai 14. Shri Imran Masood 15. Shri Ajay Kapoor 16. Shri Bal Krishan Chauhan 17. Shri Imran Pratapgarhi 18. Shri Naresh Saini 19. Shri Vibhakar Shastri 20. Shri Deepak Singh Ex-officio Members 1. PCC president, UPCC 2. CLP Leader, Uttar Pradesh 3. AICC Secretaries from UP 4. State Heads of frontal Organizations Election Strategy and Planning Committee 1. Shri Rajesh Mishra - Chairman 2. Shri Rakesh Sachan - Coordinator 3. Shri BL Khabri 4. Shri Anugrah Narayan Singh 5. Shri Kishori Lal Sharma 6. Shri Mohammad Muqeem 7. Shri Kamal Kishore Commando 8. Shri Sohail Ansari 9. Shri Sanjeev Dariyabadi 10. Shri Anil Srivastav 11. Shri Pankaj Malik 12. Shri Virendra Chaudhary 13. Shri Vishwa Vijay Singh 14. Shri MoninderSood Valmiki 15. Shri Sushil Pasi Ex-officio Members 1. PCC President, UPCC 2. CLP Leader, UP 3. AICC Secretaries from UP 4. State Heads of frontal Organizations Election Coordination Committee 1. Shri Nirmal Khatri - Chairman 2. Shri Akhilesh Pratap Singh - Coordinator 3. Shri Arun Singh Munna 4. Shri Rajiv Shukla 5. Smt. Begum Noor Bano 6. Shri Zafar Ali Naqvi 7. Shri Jitendra Singh 8. Shri Bhagwati Prasad Chaudhary 9. Shri Masood Akhtar 10. Shri Harish Bajpai 11. Shri Bansi Pahadiya 12. Smt. Indira Bhati 13. Shri Satish Sharma 14. Smt. Sudha Rai 15. Shri Narendra Pal Gangwar Ex-officio Members 1. PCC President, UPCC 2. CLP Leader, UP 3. AICC Secretaries from UP 4. State Heads of frontal Organizations Charge Sheet Committee 1. Shri Acharya Pramod Krishnam - Chairman 2. Shri Nadeem Javed - Coordinator 3. Shri Harendra Aggarwal 4. Shri Rashid Alvi 5. Shri Praveen Aron 6. Shri Meem Afzal 7. Shri Pradeep Mathur 8. Smt. SupriyaShrinate 9. Shri Deepak Kumar 10. Shri Shashi Walia 11. Shri Sampath Pal 12. Shri Ashfaqullah Khan 13. Shri Mati-ur-Rahman Babloo 14. Shri Tribhuvan Narayan Mishra 15. Shri Shiv Narayan Parihar Election Manifesto Committee 1. Shri Salman Khursheed - Chairman 2. Smt. SupriyaShrinate - Coordinator 3. Shri PL Punia 4. Smt. Aradhana Mona Misra 5. Shri Vivek Bansal 6. Shri Amitabh Dubey 7. Shri Bhudhar Narayan Mishra 8. Shri Ram Sagar Rao 9. Shri Jitendra Baghel 10. Shri Amarnath Paswasn 11. Shri Pawan Gupta Appointment of Presidents of DCCs in UP According to the Press Release on October 15, 2021, by AICC General Secretary Shri K.C. Venugopal, the Hon’ble Congress President Smt. Sonia Gandhi has approved the proposal of the appointment of Presidents of following District/City Congress Committees in Uttar Pradesh with immediate effect. 1. Hamirpur District Shri Himanshu Saini 2. Badohi District Shri Rajan Dubey 3. Jalaun District Shri Deepanshu Samadia 4. Gautam Buddh Nagar District Shri Dinesh Sharma 5. Ayodhya City Shri Ved Kumar Singh Kamal 6. Bulandshahar City Shri Prasant Valmiki 7. Bijnore City Smt. Meenu Goyal 8. Prayagraj City Shri Pradeep Mishra Anshuman 9. Rampur City Shri Nauman Khan 10. Noida City Shri Ram Kumar Tanwar Appointments for All-India Fishermen Congress According to the Press Release on October 15, 2021, by AICC General Secretary Shri K.C. Venugopal, the Hon’ble Congress President Smt. Sonia Gandhi has approved the proposal of the appointment of office bearers of All-India Fishermen Congress, as enclosed, with immediate effect. Vice Chairpersons 1. Shri Armstrong Fernando 2. Shri U.R. Sabhapathi 3. Shri Ramdas Pandurang Sandhe 4. Shri H.K. Mohammed Rafeeque 5. Shri Austin Gomez 6. Shri NingombamBhupenda Meitei National Coordinators 1. Shri Kunwar Nishad, MLA 2. Shri Abdul Hameed N.S. – PRO 3. Shri Sanjeev Kumar – AIFC Office & Organization 4. Adv. RekheshSarma – Legal Advisor General Secretaries 1. Shri Golla Jogi Raju 2. Shri M.R. Nishad 3. Shri VasantbhaiMorabhaiTandel 4. Shri Santosh Koli 5. Shri Ravindra M. Panchal Secretaries 1. Shri Joseph Vaz 2. Shri Narendra Tandel 3. Shri Rakhu Das 4. Shri Mohd. Saheb Alam 5. Shri B. Shanthru Rao 6. Shri Suraj Bagh 7. Shri Tilakdhari Nishad 8. Shri HaladharSethy 9. Shri Om Prakash Nishad National Executive Committee 1. Shri NarshibhaiBhagwanCharaniya 2. Shri Ramdhari Kashyap 3. Shri ChingthamBiren Singh 4. Shri Tushar Kanti Das 5. Shri Rohit Kumar Isvar 6. Shri A. Kangeyan 7. Shri SaruKewat 8. Shri V.P. Khadar 9. Ms. Jeso Mary Shri T.N. Prathapan MP will continue as the Chairman of All India Fishermen Congress Department. Appointment of Chairman of Fishermen Congress Department According to the Press Release on October 15, 2021, by AICC General Secretary Shri K.C. Venugopal, the Hon’ble Congress President Smt. Sonia Gandhi has approved the proposal of the appointment of Shri Manjunath Bhimappa Sungar as the Chairman of Fishermen Congress Department in the Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee with immediate effect. Appointments for Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee According to the Press Release on October 16, 2021, by AICC General Secretary Shri K.C. Venugopal, the Hon’ble Congress President Smt. Sonia Gandhi has approved the proposal of the appointment of additional office bearers of Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee, as follows, with immediate effect. Working President Shri Suman Lasker - In place of Ms. Purnita Chakma Vice Presidents 1. Shri Ajoy Kumar Moral - In place of Shri Tapas Day 2. Shri Chittaranjan Sharma General Secretaries 1. Shri Nityananda Goswami - In place of Shri Suman Laskar 2. Shri Chakrapani Tripura - In place of Shri Tejan Das 3. Shri Prashanta Bhattacharjee Appointments for DCCs in Tripura According to the Press Release on October 16, 2021, by AICC General Secretary Shri K.C. Venugopal, the Hon’ble Congress President Smt. Sonia Gandhi has approved the proposal of the appointment of Presidents of following District Congress Committees in Tripura with immediate effect. Name of Presidents District 1. Shri Subrata Singh - Sadar 2. Shri Pijus Das - Bishangarh 3. Shri Milan Chandra Kar - Udaipur 4. Shri Arup Deb - Belonia 5. Shri Taher Khandakar - Sonamura 6. Shri Bikram Kishore Sinha - Khowai 7. Shri Kripesh Roy - Ambasa 8. Shri Md. Badruzzaman - Kailashahar 9. Shri Rupamoy Bhattacharjee - Dharmanagar Appointment of Working President and Treasurer of GPCC According to the Press Release on October 17, 2021, by AICC General Secretary Shri K.C. Venugopal, the Hon’ble Congress President Smt. Sonia Gandhi has approved the proposal of the appointment of Working President and Treasurer of Goa Pradesh Congress Committee, as follows, with immediate effect. 1. Shri AleixoReginaldo Lourenco - Working President 2. Shri James Andrade - Treasurer Appointment of Chairman of Minority Department of GPCC According to the Press Release on October 21, 2021, by AICC General Secretary Shri K.C. Venugopal, the Hon’ble Congress President Smt. Sonia Gandhi has approved the proposal of the appointment of Shri Nazir. A. Khan as the Chairman of Minority Department of Goa Pradesh Congress Committee with immediate effect. Appointments for KPCC According to the Press Release on October 21, 2021, by AICC General Secretary Shri K.C. Venugopal, the Hon’ble Congress President Smt. Sonia Gandhi has approved the proposal of the appointment of Office Bearers and Executive Committee of Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee, as enclosed, with immediate effect. Vice Presidents 1. Shri N. Sakthan 2. Shri V.T. Balram 3. Shri V.J. Paulose 4. Shri V.P. Sajeendran Treasurer Adv. Prathapa Chandran General Secretaries 1. Shri A.A. Shukoor 2. Dr.Prathapa Varma Thampan 3. Adv. S. Ashokan 4. Shri Mariapuram Sreekumar 5. Shri K.K. Abraham 6. Adv. Sony Sebastian 7. Adv. K. Jayanth 8. Adv. P.M. Niyas 9. Shri AryadanShoukath 10. Shri C. Chandran 11. Shri T.U. Radhakrishnan 12. Adv. Abdul Muthalib 13. Adv. Deepthi Mary Varghese 14. Shri Josy Sebastian 15. Shri P.A. Salim 16. Adv. Pazhakulam Madhu 17. Shri M.J. Job 18. Shri K.P. Sreekumar 19. Shri M.M. Nazeer 20. Smt. AlippattaJameela 21. Shri G.S. Babu 22. Smt. K.A. Thulasi 23. Adv. G. Subodhan Executive Committee 1. Shri K. Sudhakaran, PCC President 2. Shri V.D. Satheesan, CLP Leader 3. Shri Kodikkunnil Suresh, Working President 4. Shri P.T. Thomas, Working President 5. Adv. T. Siddique, Working President 6. Smt. Padmaja Venugopal 7. Adv. V.S. Sivakumar 8. Adv. T. Sarath Chandra Prasad 9. Shri K.P. Dhanapalan 10. Shri M. Murali 11. Shri Varkala Kahar 12. Shri Karakulam Krishna Pillai 13. Adv. D. Sugathan 14. Shri K.L. Paulose 15. Shri Anil Akkara 16. Shri C.V. Balachandran 17. Adv. TomyKallani 18. Shri P.J. Joy 19. Shri Koshy. M. Koshy 20. Adv. Shanavas Khan 21. Adv. K.P. Haridas 22. Dr. Sona P.R. 23. Shri JyothikumarChamakkala 24. Adv. Johnson Abraham 25. Shri Jaison Joseph 26. Shri George MammenKondoor 27. Shri Manakad Suresh 28. Shri Mohammad Kutti Master · All Congress Working Committee Members from Kerala and Former Presidents, KPCC will be Permanent Invitees of Executive Committee. · All members of Political Affairs Committee, All MPs, All MLAs, AICC Secretaries from Kerala and Outgoing DCC Presidents will be special invitees. Appointment of AICC In-Charge of Punjab & Chandigarh According to the Press Release on October 22, 2021, by AICC General Secretary Shri K.C. Venugopal, the Hon’ble Congress President Smt. Sonia Gandhi has appointed Shri Harish Chaudhary as AICC In-Charge of Punjab and Chandigarh with immediate effect. Shri Harish Rawat is being relieved from his current responsibility as AICC General Secretary In-Charge of Punjab and Chandigarh. He shall continue as member CWC. The party appreciates his contributions as General Secretary. Appointment for AICC UP According to the Press Release on October 22, 2021, by AICC General Secretary Shri K.C. Venugopal, the Hon’ble Congress President Smt. Sonia Gandhi has appointed Shri Satyanarayan Patel as AICC Secretary attached with General Secretary In-Charge, Uttar Pradesh with immediate effect. Formation of Executive Committee and Various Appointments for DPCC According to the Press Release on October 28, 2021, by AICC General Secretary Shri K.C. Venugopal, the Hon’ble Congress President Smt. Sonia Gandhi has approved the proposal of the formation of the Executive Committee and appointment of Office Bearers of Communication Department & Doctor’s Cell, Chairperson & Vice Chairpersons of Booth Management Committee & Disciplinary Committee of Delhi Pradesh Congress Committee, as enclosed, with immediate effect: Executive Committee 1. Ch. Anil Kumar 2. Shri Jai Kishan 3. Shri Abhishek Dutt 4. Shri Mudit Agrwal 5. Shri Ali Mehdi 6. Ms. Shivani Chopda 7. Shri Sandeep Goswami 8. Shri Mateen Ahmed 9. Shri Anil Bhardwaj 10. Shri Rajesh Jain 11. Shri Hasan Ahmed 12. Shri Veer Singh Dhigan 13. Shri Hari Shankar Gupta 14. Shri Amreesh Gautam 15. Smt. Darshna Ramkumar 16. Shri Vipin Sharma 17. Smt. Alka Lamba 18. Shri Adarsh Shashtri 19. Shri Vijay Mohan 20. Dr. Naresh Kumar 21. Shri Rajesh Garg 22. Adv. Sunil Kumar 23. Shri Parvez Alam 24. Capt. Rama Arya 25. Shri Kamal Kant Sharma 26. Shri Raj Kumar Indoria 27. Shri Sushant Mishra 28. Shri Anuj Attrey 29. Shri Vijay Chaudhary (Garhi) 30. Shri Rahul Sharma 31. Shri Rajiv Joseph 32. Shri Ramesh Popli 33. Smt. Sai Anamika Jha 34. Shri Abdul Hannan 35. Shri J.P. Panwar 36. Shri Sadhu Ram Mittal 37. Shri Ishwar Singh Bagri 38. Shri Jagpravesh Kumar 39. Smt. Onika Malhotra 40. Smt. Neetu Verma Soin 41. Smt. Akanksha Ola 42. Shri Beg Raj Chaudhary 43. Shri Devraj Arora 44. Shri Naresh Sharma (Neetu) 45. Shri Raghuvinder Yadav 46. Shri Pramod Jayant 47. Shri Jagdish Prasad 48. Shri Jaikishan Sinandi 49. Shri Gopal Rawat 50. Shri Arvind Tanwar 51. Shri Satya Narayan Vashisth 52. Ch. Joginder Khari 53. Shri Shanti Swaroop 54. Shri Anil Gautam 55. Shri Shivam Bhagat 56. Shri Ajay Rajpoot 57. Shri Anil Patodia 58. Shri Ashok Jain 59. Shri Shiv Ram 60. Shri Vijay Kumar 61. Shri Sanjay Gupta 62. Shri Rajesh Yadav 63. Shri Dinesh Gaud 64. Shri Ajeet Chaudhary 65. Shri Rajesh Kaushik 66. Md. Khusnood 67. Shri Bilal Ahmed 68. Shri Shaad Khan 69. Md. Mahroof 70. Md. Sahid 71. Shri Aniruddh Sharma 72. Shri Virender Kumar Bindu 73. Shri Ankit Tyagi 74. Shri AnieelTanwar 75. Shri Dheeraj Basoya 76. Shri Harsh Chaudhary 77. Shri MahendraMangla 78. Shri RohtasBasoya 79. Shri Rajbir Solanki 80. Shri Virender Sharma 81. Shri Raju Yadav 82. Shri Sanjay Sharma 83. Shri Rajiv Gambhir Permanent Invitees 1. Shri J.P. Aggarwal 2. Shri Subhash Chopra 3. Shri Ajay Maken 4. Shri A.S. Lovely 5. Shri Kapil Sibal 6. Shri Jagdish Tytler 7. Smt. Krishna Tirath 8. Shri Manish Chatrath 9. Shri Devender Yadav 10. Shri Janardan Dwivedi 11. Shri J.K. Jain 12. Shri Parvez Hashmi 13. Shri Ramesh Kumar 14. Shri Sandeep Dikshit 15. Dr. Udit Raj 16. Shri Ch. Tareef Singh 17. Shri Kirti Azad 18. Shri Haroon Yusuf 19. Dr.Yoganand Shastri 20. Dr. Narender Nath 21. Prof. Kiran Walia 22. Shri Ramakant Goswami 23. Shri Raj Kumar Chauhan 24. Shri Mangat Ram Singhal 25. Smt. Archana Dalmia 26. Shri C.P. Mittal 27. Shri Rohit Chaudhary 28. Shri Tarun Kumar 29. Capt. Praveen Davar 30. Shri Dhirender Tyagi 31. Shri Rajesh Lilothiya 32. Sd. T.S. Marwah 33. Shri Mukesh Sharma 34. Shri Surender Kumar 35. Smt. Abha Chaudhary (Advocate) 36. Smt. Onika Malhotra 37. Smt. Variyam Kaur Special Invitees 1. Pt. Tek Chand Sharma 2. Shri Charan Singh Kandera 3. Shri Baljor Singh 4. Shri Ramesh Lamba 5. Shri Naseeb Singh 6. Shri Asif Mohd. Khan 7. Shri Balram Tanwar 8. Shri MalaramGangwal 9. Shri Vijay Lochav 10. Shri Neeraj Basoya 11. Shri Somesh Shookeen 12. Shri Jaspal Singh 13. Shri Kanwal Singh Yadav 14. Ch. Sheesh Pal 15. Shri Jaswant Singh 16. Shri Bhrahma Pal 17. Shri Arvinder Singh Lovely, Deoli 18. Shri Vinay Sharma 19. Dr.Bijender 20. Shri Shadiram 21. Smt. Meera Bhardwaj 22. Shri Kunwar Karan Singh 23. Shri Farhad Suri 24. Shri Satbir Singh 25. Shri Panna Lal Kherwal 26. Smt. Jaishree Panwar 27. Shri Parveen Rana 28. Shri Ashok Jain 29. Shri Pawan Khera 30. Shri Arbind Singh 31. Chairman Sewa Dal, DPCC 32. President Mahila Congress, DPMC 33. President Youth Congress, DPYC 34. President, NSUI Delhi 35. Shri Yaduraj Chaudhary 36. Shri Jitender Kochar 37. Shri Ramesh Pandit 38. Smt. Ragini Nayak 39. Shri Rajender Malik 40. Smt. Sharmishtha Mukherjee 41. Shri Vijender Singh 42. Smt. Vasundhara Sawant 43. Shri Anil Mittar 44. Master Rati Ram 45. Shri Ajay Vinayak 46. Shri Mukesh Goel 47. Shri Shailendra Chaudhary 48. Smt. Rinku 49. Smt. Darshana Jatav 50. Smt. Sudesh Rana 51. Smt. Poonam 52. Smt. Nisha Yadav 53. Shri Mandeep Singh 54. Shri Rajinder Bagdi 55. Smt. Raj 56. Shri Shoib Danish 57. Smt. Prerna Singh 58. Smt. Amar Lata Sangwan 59. Smt. Parveen 60. Chaudhary Zubair Ahmed 61. Smt. Seema Tahira 62. Smt. SulakshnaSinandi 63. Smt. SushilaKhorwal 64. Shri Suresh Kumar 65. Smt. Snatosh 66. Ms. Yasmin Kidwai 67. Shri VedpalLohia 68. Shri Chander Prakash 69. Shri Sandeep Tanwar 70. Shri Vimal Chaudhary 71. Shri Nand Kishore Beniwal Communication Department, DPCC Chairman Shri Anil Bhardwaj Vice Chairpersons: 1. Shri Parvez Alam 2. Shri Anuj Attrey Coordinators: 1. Dr. Hardeep Mathur 2. Shri Bhupesh Yadav Senior Spokesperson: 1. Shri Haroon Yusuf 2. Shri Hari Shankar Gupta 3. Smt. Alka Lamba 4. Shri Mukesh Goel 5. Shri Adarsh Shastri 6. Shri Jagivan Sharma 7. Dr. Naresh Kumar Spokesperson: 1. Smt. Onika Mehrotra 2. Adv. Sunil Kumar 3. Shri Anuj Attrey 4. Shri Lokender Choudhary 5. Shri Vikram Lohia Booth Management Committee Chairman Shri Rajesh Garg Disciplinary Committee, DPCC Chairman Dr. Narendra Nath Vice Chairman Ch. Mateen Ahmed Members: 1. Shri Rajesh Jain 2. Shri Veer Singh Dhingan 3. Shri Vijay Lochav 4. Smt. Darshna Ram Kumar 5. Adv. (Smt.) Abha Chaudhary 6. Shri Kamal Kant Sharma 7. Smt. Onika Mehrotra Doctor’s Cell, DPCC Chairman Dr. Praveen Kumar Vice Chairman Dr. Vivek Shama Disciplinary Action Committee for Odisha PCC According to the Press Release on November 3, 2021, by AICC General Secretary Shri K.C. Venugopal, the Hon’ble Congress President Smt. Sonia Gandhi has approved the proposal of constitution of Disciplinary Action Committee for Odisha Pradesh Congress Committee, as follows, with immediate effect:

Chairman Shri Kishore Chandra Patel Members: Smt. Sabitri Choudhury Shri Sadan Nayak Shri Satya BhusanSahu Shri JannakiBallavPattanaik Smt. Pratima Mallick Shri R.N. Mohanty Shri Bijan Das

Disciplinary Action Committee for Telangana PCC According to the Press Release on November 3, 2021, by AICC General Secretary Shri K.C. Venugopal, the Hon’ble Congress President Smt. Sonia Gandhi has approved the proposal of constitution of Disciplinary Action Committee for Telangana Pradesh Congress Committee, as follows, with immediate effect:

Chairman Dr. G. Chinna Reddy Members: Shri A. Shyam Mohan Shri Gaddam Vinod Shri SaudagarGangaram Shri B. Kamalaker Rao Shri C.J. Srinivas Rao 